Kusintha kwa mafelemu a maambulera ndi ulendo wosangalatsa womwe umatenga zaka mazana ambiri, wodziwika ndi luso lazopangapanga, kupita patsogolo kwaumisiri, komanso kufunafuna mawonekedwe ndi ntchito.Tiyeni tifufuze nthawi ya chitukuko cha maambulera m'mibadwo.
Zoyambira Zakale:
1. Igupto Wakale ndi Mesopotamiya (cha m'ma 1200 BCE): Lingaliro la mthunzi wonyamulika ndi chitetezo cha mvula linayamba kalekale.Maambulera oyambirira nthawi zambiri ankapangidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu kapena zikopa zanyama zomwe ankazitambasula pafelemu.
Medieval ndi Renaissance Europe:
1. Nyengo Zapakati (zaka za m’ma 500 mpaka 1500): Ku Ulaya, m’zaka za m’ma 1500 mpaka m’ma 1500, ambulera inkagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chizindikiro cha ulamuliro kapena chuma.Chinali chikhalirebe chida chodzitetezera ku mphepo.
2. 16th Century: Mapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka maambulera adayamba kusinthika ku Europe munthawi ya Renaissance.Maambulera akalewa nthawi zambiri ankakhala ndi mafelemu olemera komanso olimba, zomwe zinkachititsa kuti asamagwire ntchito tsiku lililonse.
18th Century: Kubadwa kwa Umbrella Yamakono:
1. 18th Century: Kusintha kwenikweni pakupanga maambulera kudayamba m'zaka za zana la 18.Jonas Hanway, Mngelezi, kaŵirikaŵiri amayamikiridwa ndi kufala kwa kugwiritsira ntchito maambulera monga chitetezo ku mvula ku London.Maambulera akale amenewa anali ndi mafelemu amatabwa ndi denga la nsalu zokutidwa ndi mafuta.
2. 19th Century: Zaka za m'ma 1800 zidapita patsogolo kwambiri paukadaulo wa maambulera.Zatsopano zinaphatikizapo mafelemu achitsulo, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti maambulera azikhala olimba komanso otha kugwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-22-2023