Chiyambi cha raincoat

Mu 1747, injiniya wa ku France François Freneau anapanga chovala chamvula choyamba padziko lapansi.Anagwiritsa ntchito latex yotengedwa kuchokera kumatabwa a rabara, ndikuyika nsapato za nsalu ndi malaya mu njira ya latex yoviika ndi yopaka mankhwala, ndiye kuti imagwira ntchito yoletsa madzi.

M’fakitale ina ya labala ku Scotland, England, munali wantchito wina dzina lake Mackintosh.tsiku lina mu 1823, Mackintosh anali kugwira ntchito ndipo mwangozi anathira mphira pa zovala zake.Atapeza, adathamangira kupukuta ndi manja ake, omwe adadziwa kuti njira ya rabara ikuwoneka kuti yalowa mu zovala, osati kungopukuta, koma yokutidwa mu chidutswa.Komabe, Mackintosh ndi wantchito wosauka, sakanatha kutaya zovalazo, choncho amavalabe kuti azigwira ntchito.

Posakhalitsa, Mackintosh anapeza: zovala yokutidwa ndi mphira malo, ngati yokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza madzi guluu, ngakhale kuoneka yonyansa, koma osalowerera madzi.Iye anali ndi lingaliro, kotero chovala chonsecho chimakutidwa ndi mphira, zotsatira zake zimapangidwa ndi zovala zosagwira mvula.Ndi zovala zatsopanozi, Mackintosh sada nkhawa ndi mvula.Chachilendo chimenechi posakhalitsa chinafalikira, ndipo ogwira nawo ntchito m’fakitale anadziŵa kuti anatsatira chitsanzo cha Mackintosh ndi kupanga jasi lamvula losalowa madzi.Pambuyo pake, kutchuka kwa mvula ya rabara kunakopa chidwi cha British metallurgist Parks, yemwe adaphunziranso zovala zapaderazi ndi chidwi chachikulu.Parks ankaona kuti, ngakhale yokutidwa ndi zovala mphira wosalowerera madzi, koma zolimba ndi Chimaona, kuvala thupi si kukongola, kapena bwino.Parks adaganiza zokonza zovala zamtunduwu.Mosayembekezereka, kusintha kumeneku kwatenga zaka zoposa khumi za ntchito.Pofika m'chaka cha 1884, Parks anatulukira kugwiritsa ntchito carbon disulfide monga zosungunulira kuti asungunuke mphira, kupanga teknoloji yosalowa madzi, ndikufunsira patent.Kuti apange izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu popanga, kukhala chinthu, Parks adagulitsa chilolezo kwa munthu wina dzina lake Charles.Atayamba kupanga zambiri, dzina la bizinesi la "Charles Raincoat Company" posakhalitsa linadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.Komabe, anthu sanaiwale mbiri ya Mackintosh, aliyense wotchedwa raincoat "mackintosh".Mpaka pano, mawu akuti "raincoat" m'Chingelezi akadali otchedwa "mackintosh" .

Pambuyo polowa m'zaka za zana la 20, kutuluka kwa pulasitiki ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsalu zopanda madzi, kotero kuti kalembedwe ndi mtundu wa raincoats zimakhala zolemera kwambiri.Mvula yopanda madzi inawonekera pamsika, ndipo mvula iyi imayimiranso luso lapamwamba laukadaulo.